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Short course · 6 parts

How SEO works: a short course for people who pay for SEO

Six parts, about five minutes each. By the end you can explain how Google decides what to show, spot the obvious gaps on your own website, and ask an SEO supplier better questions.

Most people who pay for SEO find it hard to say what they’re paying for. That’s not their fault. SEO usually gets explained in jargon, often by the people selling it.

This course explains it plainly. It follows one made-up business, a heat pump installer in Hamilton, from the first time Google finds its website to the enquiries that come in.

The six parts of the course in order: how Google works, keyword research, on-page SEO, technical SEO, backlinks, and measuring SEO.
The six parts, in the order they build on each other.

By the end, you’ll be able to:

  • Explain the basics: why one business shows up in Google and another doesn’t
  • Check your own site: find the obvious gaps using free tools, with one short task in each part
  • Brief a supplier: tell useful SEO work from busywork, and ask questions that get honest answers

A lot of SEO advice is guesswork presented as fact. So claims in this course about how Google works carry a label saying where they come from, from Google’s own documentation to ideas that are widely believed but unproven. The key is below.

In this course

6 parts about 30 min

  1. Part 1: How Google decides which websites to show

    Finding, storing and ranking pages, and what happens after the score

    6 min read
  2. Part 2: Keyword research: working out what your customers search for

    Which searches matter, and why each one needs its own page

    5 min read
  3. Part 3: On-page SEO: what a page needs to rank

    What a page needs to say to deserve a spot

    5 min read
  4. Part 4: Technical SEO: can Google actually read your website?

    The checks that make sure Google can reach and read your site

    5 min read
  5. Part 5: Backlinks: why other websites decide how much Google trusts you

    Why links, mentions and reviews still decide who Google trusts

    5 min read
  6. Part 6: How to measure SEO, and know if it's working

    Which numbers to watch, how long it takes and what to ask a supplier

    5 min read

How sure we are

LabelWhat it means
Google saysGoogle's own documentation or public statements
Court evidenceTestimony, exhibits and rulings from the US Justice Department's case against Google
Leaked docsGoogle's internal documents that leaked in 2024, and later reported files. They show a signal exists, not how much it counts
Industry beliefWidely held among SEOs but not confirmed. Also used to flag myths

Start with part 1

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